kevin.b wrote:Elizabeth helen Drake,
I don't know how to access those lawrence files, so I began typing things in their search box, eventually with typing SPEED OF LIGHT, I got some hits.
I scrolled down the left hand column to speeches, I think you and langley may be interested in the speech contents?
Langley may be better at using their search box.
There are speechs about the cyclotron, the dates are interesting.
kevin
Hi Kevin, dowsing with key words. What fun. Like being lost in a maze.
I just shifted over to the Defence Technical Information Centre search page
and typed in Townsend Brown. Cut and paste:
1. Force on an Asymmetric Capacitor
...toward the smaller electrode (Biefeld-Brown effect). We have verified this effect...through the history of patents by Thomas Townsend Brown. At present, the physical basis for the Biefeld-Brown effect is not understood. The order of...
Accession Number : ADA416740
Title : Force on an Asymmetric Capacitor
Descriptive Note : Final rept. Aug-Dec 2002
Corporate Author : ARMY RESEARCH LAB ADELPHI MD
Personal Author(s) : Bahder, Thomas B. ; Fazi, Christian
Handle / proxy Url :
http://handle.dtic.mil/100.2/ADA416740 Check NTIS Availability...
Report Date : JUN 2003
Pagination or Media Count : 37
Abstract : When a high voltage (approx. 30 kV) is applied to a capacitor whose electrodes have different physical dimensions, the capacitor experiences a net force toward the smaller electrode (Biefeld-Brown effect). We have verified this effect by building four capacitors of different shapes. The effect may have applications to vehicle propulsion and dielectric pumps. We review the history of this effect briefly through the history of patents by Thomas Townsend Brown. At present, the physical basis for the Biefeld-Brown effect is not understood. The order of magnitude of the net force on the asymmetric capacitor is estimated assuming two different mechanisms of charge conduction between its electrodes: ballistic ionic wind and ionic drift. The calculations indicate that ionic wind is at least 3 orders of magnitude too small to explain the magnitude of the observed force on the capacitor. The ionic drift transport assumption leads to the correct order of magnitude for the force, however, it is difficult to see how ionic drift enters into the theory. Finally, we present a detailed thermodynamic treatment of the net force on an asymmetric capacitor. In the future, to understand this effect. a detailed theoretical model must be constructed that takes into account plasma effects: ionization of gas (or air) in the high electric field region. charge transport, and resulting dynamic forces on the electrodes. The next series of experiments should determine whether the effect occurs in vacuum, and a careful study should be carried out to determine the dependence of the observed force on gas pressure, gas species and applied voltage.
Descriptors : *CHARGE TRANSFER, *ELECTRIC PROPULSION, *CAPACITORS, THERMODYNAMICS, DIELECTRICS, ELECTRIC FIELDS, ELECTRICAL CONDUCTIVITY, HEAT TREATMENT, ASYMMETRY, ELECTRODES, BALLISTICS, HIGH VOLTAGE, CYCLIC LOADS, IONIC CURRENT, ELECTRIC CHARGE.
Subject Categories : ELECTRIC AND ION PROPULSION
ELECTRICITY AND MAGNETISM
ELECTRICAL AND ELECTRONIC EQUIPMENT
Distribution Statement : APPROVED FOR PUBLIC RELEASE
http://stinet.dtic.mil/oai/oai?&verb=ge ... =ADA416740
You know what, the unit of measure of force of a particle is the electron volt . using Mev. And its the measure of force acting on a charged particle driving it from one charged plate to another. which huh? but resonant.
Text of a letter written by Townsend Brown included in the Army document:
T. Townsend Brown's letter, as provided by J. Naudin: Dear ..... You have asked several question which I shall try to answer. The experiments in vacuum were conducted at "Societe Nationale de Construction Aeronautique" in Paris in 1955-56, in the Bahnson Laboratories, Winston-Salem, North Carolina in 1957-58 and at the "General Electric Space Center" at King of Prussia, Penna, in 1959. Laboratory notes were made, but these notes were never published and are not availible to me now. The results were varied, depending upon the purpose of the experiment. We were aware that the thrust on the electrode structures were caused largely by ambiant ion momentum transfer when the experiments were conducted in air. Many of the tests, therefore, were directed to the exploration of this component of the total thrust. In the case of the G.E. test, cesium ions were seeded into the environment and the additional thrust due to seeding was observed In the Paris test miniature saucer type airfoils were operated in a vaccum exceeding 10-6mm Hg. Bursts of thrust (towards the positive) were observed every time there was a vaccum spark within the large bell jar. -These vacuum sparks represented momentary ionization, principally of the metal ions in the electrode material. The DC potential used ranged from 70kV to 220kV Condensers of various types, air dielectric and barium titanate were assembled on a rotary support to eliminate the electrostatic effect of chamber walls and observations were made of the rate ofrotation.Intense acceleration was always observed during the vacuum spark (which, incidentally, illuminated the entire interior of the vacuum chamber). Barium Titanate dielectrique always exceeded air dielectric in total thrust. The results which were most significant from the -standpoint of the Biefeld-Brown effect was that thrust continued, even when there was no vacuum spark, causing the rotor to accelerate in the negative to positive direction ......
.......There were pronounced correlations with mean solar time, sideral time and lunar hour angle. This seemed to prove beyond a doubt that the thrust of "gravitors" varied with time in a way that related to solar and lunar tides and sideral correlation of unknown origin. These automatic records, acquired in so many different locations over such a long period of time, appear to indicate that the electrogravitic coupling is subject to an extraterrestrial factor, possibly related to the universal gravitational potential or some other (as yet) unidentified cosmic variable. In response to additional questions, a reply of T. T Brown, dated April, 1973, stated : "The apparatus which lifted itself and floated in the air, which was described by Mr Kitselman, was not a massive dielectric as described in the English patent. Mr Kitselman witnessed an experiment utilising a 15" circular, dome-shaped aluminum electrode, wired and energized as in the attached sketch. When the high voltage was applied, this device, althrough tethered by wires from the high voltage equipment, did rise in the air, lifting not only its own weight but also a small balance weight which was attached to it on the uderside. It is true that this apparatus would exert a force upward of I 10% of its weight. The above experiment was an improvement on the experiment performed in Paris in 1955 and 1956 on disc airfoils. The Paris experiments were the same as those shown to Admiral Radford in Pearl Harbor in 1950.
Later these effects were confirmed in a laboratory at Winston-Salem, N.C., especially constructed for this purpose. Again continuous force was observed when the ionization in the medium surrounding the apparatus was virtually nil. In reviewing my letter of April 5th, I notice, in the drawing which I attached, that I specified the power supply to be 50kV Actually, I should have indicated that it was 50 to 250kVDCfor the reason that the experiments were conducted throughout that entire range. The higher the voltage, the greater was the force observed It appeared that, in these rough tests, that the increase in force was approximately linear with voltage. In vaccum the same test was carried on with a canopy electrode approximately 6" in diameter, with substantial force being displayed at 150 kVDC. I have a short trip of movie film showing this motion within the vacuum chamber as the potential is applied." Kindest personal regards, Sincerely, T Townsend Brown...
I wwonder if by RF pumping of the ionosphere one could energise the ions
such that a vehicle suitably polarised would need no fuel.