From 1963, with the imposition of the Limited Test Ban Treaty, the attempts at producing large increases in EMP, Electrical surge and RF pulse by the detonation of H bombs in the atmosphere came to an end. One of the last nuclear attempts, Starfish Prime, July 1962, produced less than anticipated resuts, even though large increases in ionospheric luminosity, earth voltage and EMP were reported and the D and F layers of the ionosphere were energised into "higher current output". ("A Quick Look at the Technical Results for Starfish Prime'', LASL) The attempt to disable enemy radars and missiles did however continue via the commissioning of a high power RF transmitter in Platteville, Colorado. This facility, opened in 1968, began transmitting RF into the ionisphere from that date. The facility was closed in 1968.
The current Alaskan HAARP facility continues research by the same means. The facility denies that it is attempting any weaponization of the ionosphere.
Teller visited Brown in 1967. In WW2 Brown designed long line antenna, the purpose of which is unclear.
The multiple antenna arrays of HAARP can be viewed at
http://www.haarp.alaska.edu/
Further:
http://www.osti.gov/energycitations/pro ... id=6680719
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Title Measurements of possible D- and E-region telecommunications effects during ionospheric heating. Final report
Creator/Author Showen, R.L.
Publication Date 1980 Feb 01
OSTI Identifier OSTI ID: 6680719
Report Number(s) DOE/ER/10161-1
DOE Contract Number AI01-80ER10160
Resource Type Technical Report
Research Org SRI International, Menlo Park, CA (USA)
Subject 640201 -- Atmospheric Physics-- Auroral, Ionospheric, & Magetospheric Phenomena; ;D REGION-- WAVE PROPAGATION;E REGION-- WAVE PROPAGATION; HEATING;IONOSPHERE;ORBITAL SOLAR POWER PLANTS;RADIOWAVE RADIATION;TEMPERATURE DEPENDENCE
Related Subject EARTH ATMOSPHERE;ELECTROMAGNETIC RADIATION;IONOSPHERE;PLANETARY IONOSPHERES;POWER PLANTS;RADIATIONS;SOLAR POWER PLANTS
Description/Abstract For this research project, measurements were made of the effects that heating the ionosphere might have on the passage of radiowaves through the D- and E-regions.^The purpose of this work was to simulate the effects of the proposed Solar Power Satellite microwave power beam on the lower ionosphere.^The increased electron temperatures produced by the Platteville, Colorado, HF ionospheric heater caused cross-modulation on certain radiowaves when the heater was rapidly modulated (the Luxembourg effect).^Small amounts of cross-modulation were detected at four frequencies between 60 kHz and 5 MHz.^Attempts were made to detect phase path changes - indicative of electron number density changes - while the heater was slowly cycled on and off.^No phase path changes could be seen for radiowaves of frequency 10.2 or 60 kHz.^If these results are extrapolated to the powers and frequency of the Solar Power Satellite power beam, then no significant impact from D- and E-region modification on telecommunications services are expected.
Country of Publication United States
Language English
Format Pages: 35
Availability NTIS, PC A03/MF A01.
System Entry Date 2001 May 13
http://www.eiscat.uit.no/heating/abs7.html
Early Ionospheric HF Modification Work in Arecibo
T. Hagfors
Max Planck Institut für Aeronomie, Katlenburg-Lindau, Germany
The first serious high power ionospheric modification work was initiated at Platteville, Colorado, by ESSA, Environmental Science Services Administration under the leadership of Bill Utlaut. Studies were made if HF heater induced air-glow, heater-induced spread F, wide band heater-induced absorption and heater created field-aligned ionization. This work was carried out in the late 60-ies.
It soon became clear that it would be highly desirable to include in the complement of diagnostic tools an incoherent scatter radar, a tool developed for ionospheric diagnostics in Arecibo Puerto Rico, and in Jicamarca, Peru, and later also at Millstone Hill in Massachusetts. Spurred by the work in Platteville Bill Gordon and others suggested that a heating capability be developed in connection with the Arecibo observatory by suspending an HF feed above the primary reflector allowing the incoherent scatter facility to be used to probe the heating effects. The talk describes the early development in Arecibo, and the improvement in observations and facilities which gradually took place with the construction of a separate heating facility until the heating work was cut short by hurricane George in September 1998. The Arecibo work has provided inspiration and ideas for heating work in Tromsö, and has also provided material for disputes about the interpretation of results. Some of the advance in understanding of the processes in ionospheric heating is due to comparison of results from the two facilities. Much work remains to be done to understand the effects on the state of the ionosphere on the processes taking place, and the hope is that the heating work will be able to continue in Tromsö and that it can be resurrected in Arecibo with new heater concepts which resemble the original ones abandoned in the past.
http://prola.aps.org/abstract/PRL/v79/i7/p1273_1
Stimulated Radiation from Strong Langmuir Turbulence in Ionospheric Modification
P. Y. Cheung1, E. Mjølhus2, D. F. DuBois3, J. Pau1, H. Zwi1, and A. Y. Wong1
1Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of California, Los Angeles, California 90095
2Institute of Mathematical Sciences, University of Troms, N-9037 Tromso, Norway
3Lodestar Research Corporation, 2400 Central Avenue, Boulder, Colorado 80301
Received 2 May 1997
New measurements of stimulated electromagnetic emissions (SEE) in low duty cycle heating experiments performed at the HIPAS Observatory are presented. Two distinct types of spectra, a weak diffuse type and a stronger type with deep frequency modulations, were observed. These results have been compared with numerical predictions from a 1D driven and damped Zakharov model and are found to be consistent with Langmuir collapse processes (strong spectra) and Langmuir turbulence of the coexistence type (weak spectra). Through this joint experimental and numerical study, evidence of strong Langmuir turbulence via SEE measurements has been demonstrated.
©1997 The American Physical Society
URL:
http://link.aps.org/abstract/PRL/v79/p1273
DOI: 10.1103/PhysRevLett.79.1273
PACS: 52.35.Ra, 52.35.Mw, 94.20.-y